Zakir Hussain: A Short History Of The Indian President

Zakir Hussain was a prominent Indian economist, politician, and educator who served as the third President of India from 1967 to 1969. He was the first Muslim president of India and the third to die in office. Let's explore the life and contributions of this remarkable figure.

Early Life and Education

Zakir Hussain was born on February 8, 1897, in Hyderabad, India, into a Pashtun family. His early education took place in Etawah, Uttar Pradesh. His family instilled in him a deep respect for education and moral values, which significantly shaped his future endeavors. In 1918, Zakir Hussain graduated from Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, which later became Aligarh Muslim University. He played a crucial role in transforming this institution into a center of progressive and nationalist ideals.

Driven by a passion for knowledge, Zakir Hussain pursued higher studies at the University of Berlin, where he earned a Ph.D. in Economics. His time in Germany exposed him to various intellectual and political currents, broadening his perspective and reinforcing his commitment to education as a tool for social change. His academic pursuits laid a strong foundation for his later contributions to Indian society.

Contributions to Education

Upon returning to India, Zakir Hussain dedicated himself to the field of education. In 1920, he co-founded Jamia Millia Islamia in Aligarh, an institution that played a vital role in promoting nationalist and secular values during the Indian independence movement. Jamia Millia Islamia was established to provide an alternative to British-run educational institutions and to instill a sense of national pride and identity among Indian students.

Zakir Hussain's vision for education extended beyond traditional academic instruction. He emphasized the importance of character building, critical thinking, and social responsibility. His educational philosophy was deeply influenced by Mahatma Gandhi's principles of Nai Talim (basic education), which advocated for learning through practical activities and community engagement. He believed that education should empower individuals to contribute meaningfully to society and to promote social justice and equality.

Under his leadership, Jamia Millia Islamia grew into a renowned center of learning, attracting students and faculty from diverse backgrounds. The institution played a significant role in shaping the intellectual and political landscape of India, producing generations of leaders and thinkers who contributed to the nation's progress. Zakir Hussain's commitment to education as a tool for social transformation earned him widespread recognition and respect.

Political Career

Zakir Hussain entered the political arena during a crucial period in Indian history. His involvement in the Indian independence movement and his commitment to social justice led him to play an active role in shaping the nation's future. After India gained independence in 1947, he served as the Vice-Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University from 1948 to 1956, where he worked to promote communal harmony and academic excellence. His leadership helped to transform the university into a modern and progressive institution.

In 1956, Zakir Hussain was nominated to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. His tenure in the Rajya Sabha allowed him to advocate for policies that promoted education, social justice, and economic development. In 1957, he was appointed as the Governor of Bihar, a position he held until 1962. As Governor, he focused on improving education, healthcare, and rural development in the state. His efforts earned him widespread praise and recognition for his commitment to public service.

In 1962, Zakir Hussain was elected as the Vice President of India. During his tenure as Vice President, he played a crucial role in promoting national unity and social harmony. He also served as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, where he presided over debates and ensured the smooth functioning of the House. His leadership and diplomatic skills were instrumental in navigating complex political issues and fostering consensus among diverse political factions.

Presidency of India

In 1967, Zakir Hussain achieved a historic milestone when he was elected as the President of India. He became the first Muslim to hold the highest office in the country, symbolizing India's commitment to secularism and inclusivity. His election was widely celebrated as a triumph of democracy and a testament to his outstanding contributions to Indian society.

As President, Zakir Hussain focused on promoting national unity, social justice, and economic development. He emphasized the importance of education, science, and technology in building a modern and prosperous India. His speeches and public appearances often highlighted the need for tolerance, understanding, and cooperation among people of different faiths and backgrounds. He also worked to strengthen India's relations with other countries, promoting peace and cooperation on the global stage.

Zakir Hussain's presidency was marked by several significant events, including the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and the Green Revolution, which transformed India's agricultural sector. He played a crucial role in providing stability and guidance during these challenging times. His leadership and statesmanship helped to steer the nation towards progress and prosperity.

Death and Legacy

Tragically, Zakir Hussain's tenure as President was cut short when he passed away on May 3, 1969, in New Delhi. His death was mourned by the entire nation, and he was given a state funeral with full honors. He died in office, becoming the third Indian President to do so.

Zakir Hussain's legacy as an educationist, politician, and statesman continues to inspire generations of Indians. His contributions to the field of education, his commitment to social justice, and his leadership as President have left an indelible mark on Indian society. His life serves as a reminder of the importance of education, tolerance, and public service in building a strong and prosperous nation.

Zakir Hussain is remembered for his eloquence, wisdom, and dedication to the welfare of the people. His vision for a united, secular, and progressive India remains relevant today. He was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honor, in 1963, in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the nation.

Awards and Recognition

Throughout his life, Zakir Hussain received numerous awards and accolades for his contributions to education, politics, and public service. Some of the notable awards include:

• Padma Vibhushan (1954): Awarded by the Government of India for his exceptional and distinguished service to the nation.
• Bharat Ratna (1963): India's highest civilian honor, awarded posthumously for his outstanding contributions to the nation.

These awards are a testament to Zakir Hussain's remarkable achievements and his lasting impact on Indian society. His legacy as an educationist, politician, and statesman continues to inspire generations of Indians.

Conclusion

Zakir Hussain was a remarkable figure whose life and work exemplified the values of education, tolerance, and public service. His contributions to Indian society as an educationist, politician, and President have left an indelible mark on the nation. His legacy continues to inspire generations of Indians to strive for a better future.

From his early days as a student to his tenure as President of India, Zakir Hussain remained committed to the principles of social justice, equality, and national unity. His life serves as a reminder of the importance of education, tolerance, and public service in building a strong and prosperous nation. Zakir Hussain's story is a testament to the power of education to transform individuals and societies. His vision for a united, secular, and progressive India remains relevant today, and his legacy will continue to inspire generations to come.